The form cannot be rendered. This may be due to a misconfiguration of the Microsoft SharePoint Server State Service. For more information, contact your server administrator.
After some research I was able to figure out that the State Service was not set up to allow InfoPath Forms to be stored or rendered within SharePoint. I wasn't able to find a way to do this through the GUI so I resorted to the SharePoint 2010 Management Shell (PowerShell).
- Run the SharePoint Management Shell as an Administrator. - Start -> All Programs -> Microsoft SharePoint 2010 Products -> SharePoint 2010 Management Shell
- After the module(s) load and you have a prompt, type: $serviceApp = New-SPStateServiceApplication -Name “State Service”
The command will execute and you'll be returned to a prompt. - Type: New-SPStateServiceDatabase -Name “StateServiceDatabase” -ServiceApplication $serviceApp
This creates a state server database and service application. You will see the name of the service database, the ID (in the form of a long string of characters) and the type presented in the PowerShell window - Type: New-SPStateServiceApplicationProxy -Name “State Service” -ServiceApplication $serviceApp -DefaultProxyGroup
This creates a State Service Application Proxy
You should now be able to publish your InfoPath form to SharePoint.